![]() The result of a 2012 conference on Patterson 1982, reevaluating its reception from a global and comparative perspective on the thirtieth anniversary of its publication. On Human Bondage: After Slavery and Social Death. Fynn-Paul 2009, Phillips 1985, and Verlinden 1955–1977 are surveys by specialists in medieval European history who confine themselves to the study of slavery in medieval contexts.īodel, John, and Walter Scheidel, eds. Miller 2012 and Bodel and Scheidel 2017 offer critiques of Patterson’s framework for the study of slavery and suggest various alternatives. Painter 2010, Davis 1988, and Patterson 1982 are broad surveys of slavery, slaving, and race, with chapters that address the medieval period. For those seeking to orient themselves to the field, there are several overviews that can serve as entry points. Under Journals, see Slavery and Abolition, which publishes a helpful annual bibliographical supplement. Many older works remain useful as reference points and guides to the archival sources, but contemporary scholars have brought fresh analytical perspectives to bear on slavery studies, each contributing to the flourishing field that exists today.ĭespite the recent proliferation of articles, edited collections, and monographs on slavery in medieval Europe, no textbooks, anthologies, or reference works are currently available in English. Finally, though the academic study of medieval slavery came into being in the 19th century alongside the abolitionist discourse that ignored its existence, this bibliography will highlight recent works, especially those produced within the last fifty years. ![]() Moreover, though slavery was not the only form of unfreedom that existed in medieval Europe, captives, hostages, prisoners, and pledges have also been the subjects of much research and merit dedicated bibliographies, too. Each of these regions merits a bibliography of its own. Though Europe was not the only slave-holding region during the medieval period, scholarship about the history of slavery in medieval Byzantium, the Islamic world, Central Asia, East Asia, South Asia, Africa, and the Americas is substantial. ![]() However, the composition of enslaved populations, their demographic and social significance in relation to free populations, the precise legal meaning of slave status, and the practices associated with slavery all varied significantly by region and era. They used slaves for agricultural and artisanal labor as well as domestic, sexual, reproductive, and military service. Yet into the 14th and 15th centuries, medieval Europeans continued to own slaves, trade in slaves, and enslave each other as well as non-European others. Among scholars, this common knowledge is sometimes reinforced by Marxist historical narratives, according to which slavery was the mode of production characteristic of the Roman period, while serfdom characterized the medieval period. Where then did the common knowledge come from? In the first instance, it derives from the late-18th- and 19th-century abolitionist assumption that as Christianity spread through Europe during the Middle Ages, it must surely have driven out slavery. ![]() However, there is a thriving body of scholarship which demonstrates that slavery was practiced widely in various forms in Europe during the Middle Ages, alongside captivity, serfdom, and other types of unfreedom. Common knowledge would have it that slavery did not exist in medieval Europe.
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